Louis Fyne and Miss Rollings in the Film True Stories :: essays research papers

Genuine Stories isn't a film of a town however yet a film of individuals that simply happen to live in this little town called Virgil, Texas. Genuine Stories had a great deal of extraordinary and strange characters that each speaks to a quality of a run of the mill American. There were two primary characters, as I would see it, which stood out from all the others. Louis Fyne who speaks to the regular man, and the extremely sluggish Miss Rollings who speaks to an exceptionally ordinary yet dismal American component, realism. Louis is a working man who isn't really a physical example and is preparing to settle down. Issue is he has not discovered any one to adore. Miss Rollings, then again, is an exceptionally rich, alluring yet maturing lady. She doesn’t know it in the start of the film yet she isn't content as being the languid ladies she seems to be. She additionally is searching for affection. Despite the fact that these characters are altogether different from the start, they have one regular intrigue, which is forlornness. Miss Rollings doesn't understand that she is forlorn until she sees Louis’ execution. Louis’ and Miss Rollings’ scan for satisfaction all meets up toward the finish of the film for a decent ordinary American consummation, joyfully ever after. These two characters may have been the primary characters however were by a wide margin by all account not the only ones that speak to a run of the mill American component. The quest for centrality and importance is another American characteristic in this film. The charming lady, for instance, can not appreciate trouble. Along these lines she decides to disregard all pity while concentrating on everything adorable. At that point there is the Lying Woman, who by and by is my preferred character in the film. She is obviously disappointed with an incredible fact. She chooses to â€Å"improve† her life by lying to all that will tune in. She makes an entire other character that is rich and striking yet at the same time bogus. On the off chance that you are feeling that there can not be potentially any increasingly American qualities in this film you are incorrect. The adoration for business can likewise be spoken to in this film by the proprietor of Varicorp, Earl. His adoration for by and large work and business can show what is known as corporate fixation in today’s America. The scene during supper where Earl utilizes food and china to portray what is yet to happen to Virgil and Varicorp shows this fixation.

Jack London and His Call of the Wild Essay

â€Å"He was sounding the deeps of his temperament, and of the pieces of his tendency that were more profound than he, returning into the belly of Time. † †Jack London, The Call of the Wild, Ch. 3 (Jack London Quotes). This statement sums up the accomplishment of Jack London’s composing vocation in one basic sentence. London’s achievement and motivation for his naturalist style can be certify to the manner by which he was raised, and his encounters during his lifetime. Jack London, was conceived John Griffith Chaney on January 12, 1876 close San Francisco, California. His mom was surrendered by London’s genuine dad, William Chaney a voyaging crystal gazer, not long after it was found she was anticipating Jack. This later impacted London’s choice to leave his family at a youthful age. His mom remarried rapidly, and Jack took on his stepfather’s name, London. Due to intricacies, London was principally raised by Virginia Prentiss, a previous slave, until he was around five years old (Stern 700). The family lived in destitution, and he had numerous kin, however was not especially close with any of them (Jack London Biography). At age 13, he quit school, obtained cash for a vessel, and started gathering shellfish in the Pacific Ocean. By the age of 15, Jack was a fruitful agent, and referred to around the docks as â€Å"The King of the Oyster Pirates† (Stern 700). He later thought about this troublesome time by expressing, â€Å"Life doesn't involve holding great cards, yet now and then, playing a poor hand well† (Jack London Quotes). He was later trapped in this illicit demonstration and afterward employed as a major aspect of the coast watch due to his broad information on the ocean. After a journey to Japan with the watch, he came back to California in a downturn (London, Jack). In the wake of battling to get a consistent line of work, London joined Coxey’s armed force, a homeless person association (Jack London Biography). In the wake of getting exhausted with that, he took on secondary school and finished a multi year degree in only one year. In no time a short time later, London selected at the University of California on obtained cash (Jack London). While going to the University he invested a lot of energy in the school’s library perusing the immense assortment of books. Among these were works from Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, and in particular, Charles Darwin. Impacted by his readings, London made his own combination of communism, male predominance and white prevalence convictions (London, Jack). Indeed, a few specialists even allude to his books, White Fang, and The Call of the Wild, as fiction renditions of Darwin’s Evolution (Stern 700). In London’s school profession, the principal Klondike dash for unheard of wealth started. In 1897 alone, more than 30,000 men, London among them, raced to the Yukon region looking for the valuable metal. The greater part, similar to London, returned ineffectively. In spite of the fact that he didn’t get rich on gold in the Yukon, he would later be rich on something different from the cool, cruel spot; his recollections, motivation for two of his best books, White Fang and Call of the Wild (Yukon). When the new century rolled over, Robber-aristocrats as they were called, consumed organizations, organizations, at that point whole businesses. Jack knew this reality, and accepted that composing was his solitary way out (Jack London). London’s absolute first discounting achievement Typhoon the Coast of Japan, enlivened by his excursion to Japan, came in 1900, that year he wedded his first spouse, Bess Maddern. Together they had two little girls, Joan and Bess (Jack London Biography). During his first marriage, London distributed a portion of his best stories, including Call of the Wild (1903) and Sea Wolf (1904) both in which he sensationalized â€Å"atavism, flexibility, and the intrigue to the wilderness† (Jack London). In 1905, after an undertaking, London separated Bess Maddern and wedded Charmair Kittredge. He later utilized his second spouse’s character as the hero in a significant number of his works. London urged Charmair to seek after composition, and with his assistance, distributed three books, including a life story over Jack in view of his significant past (Stasz 1). Later that equivalent year, London discovered his genuine affection, Beauty Ranch. Later in his life he expressed, â€Å"I compose for no other reason to include the excellence that currently has a place with me. I compose a book for no other explanation than to include three or 400 sections of land to my brilliant estate† (Jack London Quotes). London’s just genuine affection maybe, was the wild, voyaging, and nature. In his later years he was all around voyaged, visiting Japan, Canada, Cape Horn, Australia, and even Mexico (David 1). London had about finished his fantasy house on Beauty Ranch when it bafflingly burned to the ground; illegal conflagration was suspected. From that point on London’s wellbeing gradually however consistently declined. Jack London kicked the bucket on November 22, 1916 because of Kidney disappointment (Stern 700). Jack London is frequently viewed as the principal American creator to increase global popularity through his fiction works alone. Albeit an effective writer, even in different nations, London’s books additionally got unforgiving analysis. His thoughts and idea were said to, need consistency and exactness. He likewise battled with different musings. He composed and bolstered women’s testimonial, yet trusted in male strength. London bolstered white prevalence, yet thought it was dishonorable that, the foolish white men demolished the way of life of the locals he had seen while scanning for gold (Stasz 1). In spite of being known for his books, London likewise composed a couple genuine books, and many short stories, his most celebrated being To Build a Fire, motivated by his own undertakings in the Yukon (London, Jack). In spite of the fact that London experienced numerous undertakings, he didn't credit these to his motivation. When asked where he got his motivation he replied, â€Å"You can’t sit tight for motivation. You need to follow it with a club† (Jack London Quotes). Jack Londons writing’s are the absolute most renowned works of naturalism ever. They have been portrayed as, â€Å"works that manage basic battles for endurance. He is one of the most broadly deciphered of American authors† (David 1). Jack London was a determined worker. In spite of the fact that he passed on at a youthful age (40), he achieved much during his lifetime. The correct capacity of man is to live, not to exist. I will not squander my days in attempting to draw out them. I will utilize my time† (Jack London Quotes). London’s achievement and motivation for his naturalist style can be licensed to the manner by which he was raised, and his encounters during his lifetime. For without these, London would’ve had nothing to expound on. Due to the job destiny played in his life, London developed to get one of the best writers ever, and his books keep on selling in our present day and age.

How Google Found Out It Should Be Doing Advertising

How Google Found Out It Should Be Doing Advertising There aren’t many companies in the world more popular and famous than Google. The technology giant has been successful in taking control of the Internet. The brand popularity is evident in the name not being just a company name anymore, but also representing the action of searching information online. Not many companies can boast about making it into the dictionary.But Google has been unique in its approach to advertising. Although the company makes most of its money through advertisements on its platform, the company itself can hardly be found on billboards and TV ads. What is this strategy all about and how has Google’s approach to advertising changed in recent years?This article will look at Google’s successful business model, the benefits it enjoys from its unique business strategy and approach to advertising. Finally, we’ll also look at the evidence behind Google’s shifting strategy and whether the company will use a more traditional approach in the future. © Shutterstock.com | Maksim KabakouIn particular in this article, you will find out about 1) history of Googles business model, 2) the benefits of Googles focus on advertising, 3) Googles experience with advertising, and 4) a conclusion.HISTORY OF GOOGLE’S BUSINESS MODELGoogle is an interesting company to study because it has done many things differently to other big technology companies. Its business model has definitely had its quirks in the past. Before you can understand Google’s approach to advertising, it is important to understand the company’s business model a bit better.Larry Page and Sergey Brin founded the company while they were studying for their PhDs at Stanford University. They both still have majority voting power in the company through a system called supervoting stock, although they don’t own the majority of the shares. The company went public in 2004 and it has reorganized its operations recently under a holding company called Alphabet Inc.Google’s missi on is focused on the idea of organizing “the world’s information” and making “it universally accessible and useful”. The unofficial Google slogan has often cited to be “don’t be evil”. The company’s mission statement is a great way to understand its business model as well.Unlike most companies, which charge people for their services, Google has always provided its search engine and the other related platforms free of charge. The profits have been solely derived from its advertising platform AdWords, as well as through other ventures it is currently running. Some of its newest innovative ventures include the Google Class and Google Car.While the company has since started many other adventures, its business model is still driven by selling advertisement page on its services. In fact, the company generates nearly 90% of its revenue through its AdWords program and other such marketing adventures.Part of Google’s successful start came from the strong foundations it re ceived in terms of funding. Despite the company being a small start-up, with the self-proclaimed geeks at the control, it received a huge venture capital backing. The funding allowed Google to pursue its business strategy, even though it didn’t have much to prove in terms of getting it all to work for the investors.Introducing AdWordsThe company launched its revolutionary AdWords program in 2000. The system is an online advertising service that allows users, such as website owners, to add ads on their platform and to benefit from the clicks the ads generate.Google has the right to select the ads used by the program and companies purchase advertising from Google through the service. But as well as becoming the main source of revenue for Google, the system also provides benefits to many users.AdWords has become one of Google’s most successful systems and helped the company take its advertising game on to a next level. Following the footsteps of AdWords, Google has also introduced advertising services such as the Google Advertising Professional Program and the Google Online Marketing Challenge.AdWords started out with a monthly subscription model, but it has since changed its revenue structure to accommodate separate business needs. The fee structure proved to be very successful, because businesses began noticing the benefits of advertising with Google. As Internet use grew, the program has become even more beneficial for many companies.Improving its own advertising strategyGoogle’s owners didn’t feel inclined to do a lot of advertising at the start of the business venture. Much of the company’s own advertising has relied solely on the word of mouth model, whereas satisfied customers are expected to provide the company with more users. With more users, the company will also increase its attractiveness to companies who want to pay Google for advertisement space.But it is important to note Google has made sure to actively target its products and services to two separate groups: companies and the “tech geeks”.The first group is obvious, as companies are what provide Google its main revenue. In this sense, marketing has been mainly done through hard cold data. Google is the master of metrics and it has been able to highlight the benefits of using Google as an advertising platform for companies. The more Google’s user base has grown, the easier this advertising campaign has become.But the second group has also been a big target for Google’s marketing team. It relies highly on the word of mouth of the so-called tech geeks. The innovative new products are especially focused on targeting these relatively wealthy and technologically driven people. As we’ll discuss later, the tactic has worked especially well with the company’s more innovative products.These technology converts help advertize the product and service further. By targeting these influencers, Google has been able to spread the word about its service to the wider pu blic without the need to create costly advertising campaigns.For example, the Google Glass was only available to a limited amount of people. First, offering a product, as a limited only option, will get the tech converts excited â€" people want to feel part of the exclusive group. Once these people got their hands on the actual product, they began talking about it and sharing their experience online. Blogs, tweets and YouTube videos of the product caught the public’s attention and Google was able to enjoy a buzz around the product before it has even launched! THE BENEFITS OF GOOGLE’S FOCUS ON ADVERTISINGBut why did Google’s focus on advertising revenue become such a successful model? To understand it, you need to understand the four Ps behind Google’s own marketing strategy: product, price, promotion and place.Product, price, promotion and placeGoogle’s business strategy put a lot of focus on the product. From the start, the aim has been to enhance user convenience and to ensure people get exactly what they want from the product: an answer to their questions. When Google started its search engine business, other operators were already doing the same thing. But while search engines such as Yahoo were filled with clunky ads and mention’s of the company’s own products, Google simply had the company logo and a field to search for answers.Google’s also been clever with its pricing. Because it has been so successful in its word of mouth advertising, companies have wanted to get a share of the advertising money. Instead of enjoying this revenue themselves, Google created the clever AdWords software. This way, simply by using Google’s services, users have also been able to receive a part of the revenue pie! Not only do you get many of Google’s services free, you might even use them to make money. This then gets more people interested, which in turn meanmore companies are interested in advertising with Google.This leads to the third P â€" promotion. Google doesn’t need to do much of initial advertising for its own product because it spread like wildfire through word of mouth. Its product was so much better to the alternatives, which got people interested. Its pricing was just perfect to get the attention of users as well as advertisers, increasing its visibility on the Internet even further.Finally, Google operates in the perfect place for advertising in the 21st century: the Internet. Advertising in the older mediums is becoming less relevant and by dominating the search engine world, Google has ensured companies can’t do without its platforms. For any company, it would be a near advertising suicide not to be on the Internet. Furthermore, when 1.2 trillion searches in the world are done through Google each year, it would be crazy not to associate yourself with this company.90% of revenue comes from advertisingThe above strategy of the four Ps has resulted in Google generating the majority of its revenue from advertising. This has been an effective method and allowed Google the freedom to skip branding its products and services with expensive marketing strategies.By attracting a massive revenue stream without spending lots of money in marketing, Google has been able to use the money to enhance its current services as well as to innovate new things. Google hasn’t had to spend a lot of money on becoming a talked about business â€" it has done so by creating a great service.Big part of Google’s success is its focus on innovation. Instead of just relying on its search engine, the company has pursued aggressive innovative strategies that have spiralled on from operating systems to smart cars.Not all of Google’s products have become a success, but its revenue model has made it possible to pursue these different ideas. Undoubtedly some of them will fail, such as its tablet device, but some might become the key technology of the future.Word of mouth tactic works well because it also strengthens the Goo gle brand. In a meaner analogy, Google has created the perfect prisoner’s dilemma for advertisers. Because of its current position as the market leader, companies cannot afford to overlook the company, but companies might also not receive as many benefits from the business as they did in the past. You can read a bit more about this in the following section.GOOGLE’S EXPERIENCE WITH ADVERTISINGGoogle’s founders Larry and Sergey have held rather hostile views towards marketing since the beginning of the company. While the company itself based its business revenue model on advertising, it didn’t think it needed to go aggressively after advertising itself. According to the founders, advertisement often lacked the accountability of conversion. A company could put millions into a TV ad, but not receive any new customers.Much of the lack of enthusiasm towards marketing stemmed from the mistrust towards branding. According to reports, Larry didn’t like to use the word branding simp ly because it implied “technology alone was insufficient for success”.But the technology geeks at Google soon also discovered branding doesn’t need to be solely about self-appreciation. With a popular product, a great branding follows as well.Google’s winning concept in terms of its business has always been simplicity and speed. It managed to succeed as the world’s favourite search engine because it was fast and straightforward to use.Focus on the heart not the headIt could be argued that Google’s approach to marketing is focused on the heart not the head. Instead of selling big ads on their front page or spending a lot of money to advertise on TV, the company focuses on winning people’s hearts. They want people to use the products because of the convenience and reliability, not because you happened to see their ads on TV.Since the beginning, this has been the winning tactic for Google. Its whole success has relied on viral marketing â€" growing by word of mouth. The c ompany has always relied on targeting the right influencers with their product.For example, the latest example of this is the Google Glass. The product, or the prototype of the product, was available for people to test. Now, the whole point of it was to be a prototype and to give the users the chance to be part of the development process. It directly got people interested because it gave people’s inner geek room to play. Instead of targeting the people who would perhaps want the real and readymade experience, Google went after the heart.Getting a core group excited about the product will help spark more interest. People will talk about the product and recommend it to other people â€" especially at a time when the blog has become a big part of our communication.Creating a plan BBut Google’s business model is also partly the reason why the company has upped its advertising game. Since the company’s revenue mainly comes from one source, it has started to realize the problems this can cause to a company.No matter how successful Google is now in attracting advertisers to its service and guaranteeing a relatively free service for the user, it cannot rely on its luck forever. The technology world is especially cruel and new companies have popped up to replace old ones in a blink of an eye. Consider, for example, Google’s social media platform Orkut, which was quickly rundown by the success of Facebook.So far, Google’s strategy has been successful and advertisers continue to spend money to receive higher ranking or advertising space on Google’s services. But it doesn’t take much for this to change. In fact, studies have found companies aren’t benefitting as much through advertising on Google’s platforms as they might have hoped. While the model works quite well with new companies, established firms don’t necessarily benefit from spending thousands of dollars on the platform.This is one of the reasons Google became involved with other things outside of the world of search engines in the first place. Glasses, cars, apps, and other such products are there to boost Google’s revenue stream â€" to act as a so-called plan B.With these new sorts of ventures, Google has also required some advertising support as well.Using crowdfunding as part of its marketing strategyWhen it comes to marketing tactics, so far Google has relied heavily on the crowdfunding method. Consider its Google Glass project, for example. The company offered the Google Glass experience and was up front about it being still in development phase. The glasses itself cost quite a bit for the consumer, but the idea of being part of something new was enough to get people excited.Asking people to spend money on an unfinished product worked with Google well. It received a lot more new funding, not to mention it was able to gather people’s input and data to further enhance the product. Although Google didn’t advertize the product as a general kickstarter project, it surely fits the model perfectly well.CONCLUSIONWhen it comes to branding, Google has truly discovered the winning tactic: by creating a reliable and functional service and product, the branding will follow automatically. Google has been able to grow into a multibillion organisation simply by ensuring it offers customers something they want and something which works efficiently.But the company has recently also understood the dangers of becoming too successful. Google’s traditional advertising model is not providing as many benefits to some of the biggest companies as previously thought and the company has realized it must adventure into new strategies in order to stay on top. But the heart of its strategy hasn’t changed much â€" it still wants to provide a top-class service and product to get people talking.

Hormel Foods Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2069 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2018/12/29 Category Food Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Hormel Foods is a big food processing company which has over the years grown into an iconic company in the food industry. The company mainly deals in meat products such as turkey and chicken. The company usually engages in products in the meat industry where it controls a high part of the market in the industry. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hormel Foods Analysis" essay for you Create order The company has grown to be a business hub worth admiration. It deals with many types of products which are all in the food industry. The company is divided into five main business models. The main products are Refrigerated Foods, Turkey store, Speciality foods and international products. Some of their products are Hormel Chilli, SPAM, Wholly Guacamole, Hormel Black Label Bacon, Hormel Party trays, Skippy peanut batter, Jennie-O turkey products, Lloyds barbecue products. Over the years, 6the company has acquired some other enterprise to build up their business. One such move was made in 2015 when it purchased the Applegate Farms. This moves the company receive a very high growth brand in the sector that involves natural and organic products. Apparently, at the time, the Applegate company was the largest brand in the natural and also the organic meats sector. In the years 2016, the company has made loads of revenue from poultry and perishable items. Almost two-thirds of their revenue got generated from the items. SWOT Analysis The company has some aspects bearing in mind that it is a huge company. One of the main strengths the company has is that it is endowed with a high level of management expertise which has enabled it to maintain a high level of competence while it also maintains a food balance sheet., The company has continued to maintain a good expertise by maintaining more and more acquisitions. One of their big acquisitions is that one of the Applegate company. This has enabled the company to maintain a good brand name. This is because it has well maintained the other companies that it has acquired. Another strength of the company is that there has been a constant increase in the demand for protein foods. Hormel is on the right side of this trend. As the world continues to grow, more and more people continue to appreciate the culture of eating meat products. There has been a huge growth in the number of people taking protein products. Apparently, there has also been the incorporation of proteins into other foods which do not require proteins (Townsend Consulting 67). Additionally, the companies are a huge company. In that sense, it has economies of scale. The company controls a huge part of the American market. In so doing, it purchases products in bulk which enables it to sale the products at a lower price since it enjoys economies of scale. This enables it to buy and sale at an advantage compared to its competitors. Weaknesses The Hormel foods company has most of its products in an area where there is a high level of competition. This makes the company spend so many resources in the process of marketing the product. In such a situation, a company cannot claim to fully control the product market. In light of that, they have to spend so many efforts in trying to ensure that they completely sell the products. One of the major forms of competition in a highly competitive market is reducing the prices of the products completely. In so doing., Companies compete at a higher level with their competitors Lower prices are a good and the most effective way to compete with competitors in a highly populated market. As such, the Hormel company has to forego a huge profit merging so that it can keep up with most competitors in the market while it tries to make a competitive survival in the said market (Louderback 57). The Hormel foods company has not invested a lot of money in the field of research. There are some areas in which the company can invest in such as the marketing field. The Hormel company ought to compete with other companies in the way they market their products. However, they have maintained the old forms of competition over time without looking for new means of production.The companys lack of investment in the research area causes the company not to have a good edge over other companies. This is a major weakness for the company in question. The company has maintained a high level of production sand sales over the years even as it is seen in their 2017 financial report. However, they have not had a good level of growth over the years. Their overall economic growth has been at an alarming low. This situation makes a very dangerous situation for the company where it risks losing all of its market shares (Townsend 37). Apparently, the company could even lose business if there comes another company with a dynamic shift in its methods of operations. As such, it is important that the company maintains a high level of dynamism to ensure that it maintains a high market share no matter the fact that it already has a huge market share. This will also enable the company to grow economically in a very short period. Opportunities Harlem has of late been improving its operations in international communities. It is going beyond its normal American market. Such countries where the company has improved its operations to are Mexico, Japan, Australia, Canada and England. This move enables the company to efficiently increase its market share. Apparently, there are some factors at stake when selling the product to the international markets. To begin with, the company will get to interact with a new market. Apparently, people usually appreciate the change in culture (International Institute of Business 67). This also comes with the entry of a new product line. The entry of Hormel foods in other countries will also prompt the people from those countries to purchase most of its products. This is because most people like to take products from other parts of the world. People deem it as a change in culture and hence would highly appreciate taking foods form another culture. Growing trends in the food industry come in as an opportunity for the Harlem Foods company. One of the greatest trends o0f 2016 and is set to continue occupying the food industry is the employment of technological tools. Apparently, as at the end of 2016, there was more than $1 Billion in investments on food startups in the Silicon Valley. The company has a good opportunity to invest in the tech centre. This will make the company at a point of making lots of profits because they could invest in business a lot. If the company moves from their traditional form of selling into the new modern ways of product marketing and sales, then they stand at the chance of making do much money in the food industry. Another trend that may serve as an opportunity for the company is the new ways of selling food products. These means of making sales are propagated by companies such as Lidl, Aldi and Amazon Go. The Harlem company has been selling most of its products by listing them on stores in supermarkets. However, these new forms of making sales employ a very practical approach whereby there is a high level of interaction with customers while the company continues to make production easier. This form of making sales utilizes a very small profit margin. However, it also increases the sales of the product. On the other hand, the company does not have to worry about purchasing storage space since there will be enough storage space for the company as long as the third party companies continue to make sales. Additionally, this form of making sales saves the company the stress of making losses through spoilt products. This is because most of these companies only make sales out of ordered products. The refore, the company will not incur losses due to lost products. The Harlem foods company need to take note of these opportunities and move 9into a seasoned period of growth whereby they will obtain huge growth out of technology. The basic size of the company regarding revenue production yearly states it at an upper hand over most of its competitors. Apparently, it can make very dynamic moves since it has the resources to do so. For instance, all the opportunities listed above require resources to actualise. As a matter of fact, in the technology sector, a company will require a huge amount of capital before it can create a technology that is mind breaking. Additionally,m the company will need to do a lot of research to come up with the right technological mix that fits the client while it also makes various inroads to try and please the customer so that he can make more and more sales. Threats The nature of the Hormel foods company dictates that it depends on various third parties to ensure that it advances its business. This is evident from the fact that the company is a production company. As such, it bears a lot of risks if there are disruptions in the markets where the suppliers deal in. For instance,m disruptions among the meat producers may cause the company a lot of pain because they do not have a lot of control over the markets since they are not in their line of production (Creative Educational 56). For instance, in countries where rain majorly runs the economies, it is very hard for the companies to continue making trades when the businesses do not have rain. For instance, when a drought occurs in such a country, then the country gets to have a shortage in the supply of animals. Additionally, the animals might even die from the lack of food. This situation leaves the Harlem company in a very bad situation despite the fact that they themselves might not be affecte d by the drought. Forecast The company is at a transitioning phase where it has a big potential. However, it stands to lose all this should it fail to capture all the advantages that it stands to gain if it takes into account all the advantages it has and the opportunities at its table. The company has a wide array of economies of scale bearing in mind that it has so much products on its line while it also maintains a huge number of customers. The company is able to continue its growth and will increase its growth if trades in measures that are effective as deemed by financial dynamics. Secondly, the company can continue to have a huge control in the foods industry due to its huge customer base. However, as the company continues to sale its shares at a constantly high range, then they may fail to make the prerequisite sales required. Secondly, they may fail to have enough proceeds from the sale of shares and hence reduce their revenue streams. The company needs to increase its touch with technology. Over the y ear 2016, the food industry faced a huge dynamic shift in that there was a huge involvement of technology in the industry with an average of $1 Billion being invested in the industry. AT o maintain growth,m the company ought to develop measures to keep up with world trends so that it does not get caught up with the technological bubble. The company is expected to have a constant growth of 2.5% over the next ten years up to 2028. Valuation Expanded Football Field Comparable Company Analysis The Hormel Foods company is expected to have a similar growth to that of the companies listed above that have similar growth levels. Most of these companies are in the range of Horlem in terms of sales and profit margin. Discounted Cash Flow DISCOUNT MEASURE: FREE CASH FLOW DISCOUNT FACTOR: WACC WACC: 8.78% GROWTH: 2.50% PV OF FCF: $1,136,405.86 PV OF CONTINUING VALUE PAST 2020: $3,108,668.69 TOTAL ENTERPRISE VALUE: $4,245,074,548.35 TOTAL NUMBER OF SHARES: 76,520,000 EQUITY VALUE PER SHARE:$55.48 Sensitivities Conclusions As seen from above, the stock is overvalued and our recommendation is to hold the stock at the current price. Current price: $78.74 Dcf analysis: $55.48 Works Cited Creative Educational Video, Inc, and Insight Media (Firm). SWOT analysis. CEV Multimedia, 2009. International Institute of Business Analysis. BABOK: A guide to the Business Analysis Body of Knowledge. 2015. Louderback, J.? G., and J. Holmen. Managerial accounting. Thomson/South-Western, 2003. Townsend Consulting Group, and United States. Promoting environmental sensitivity: Business organization and operations. Townsend Consulting Group, 1995.

Leadership Is the Secret Ingredient of Success Free Essays

Leadership is the driving force of any sphere of human endeavor and that driving force is driving towards success or in other words goal achievement. The area of leadership has been an area of interest for human kind for centuries and it can be traced back to Hipocrates ‘ 400 BC writing on personality types based on body humour and Plato’s establishment of the first leadership training centers in 386 BC[uk essays. com]. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Is the Secret Ingredient of Success or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has been studied for a purpose and the purpose is obvious because without a proper leader a group of people can’t continue. The maestros of old understood this and established schools to train good leaders. It is known that The great Alexander has been a student of Aristotal so the source of his great leading ability is significant he lead his army to countless victories and he was a great leader of men the secret behind his success was his well educated leadership.Today the good leaders are needed more than ever because the organizations are facing troubles more than ever before tough competition ,the complicated consumer demands are only few of the problems the organizations are facing today . A good leader is like a caption of a ship who steers the ship safely through thunderstorms as well as the still sea. A leader is self motivated and he should be able to motivate others through frustration and challenges like a batsman in a cricket match who bats a not out innings , playing through the pressure while continuing a steady run rate and telling the batsman in the other end to hang on because it is not an individual performance and eventually becoming the man of the match in fact a leader is the man of an organization who drives the organization forward towards the success so a leader’s success is not only his but of the entire organization’s . In simplest terms the leader should be a good team player.Leadership is what bind the entire organization together to the level one can say he is the organization. The leadership should be spread throughout the organization from the top to the bottom so his decisions are obeyed and effectiveness is improved. A charismatic leader is like a mentor who inspires people and makes people to dream big, aim higher in their careers to do thei r best, be their best. Employees tend to impress a charismatic leader so they work hard and work more not because they must but because they want to[Klett,ezinearticles. com] . A leader guides people, a leader should be able to turn skills and efforts in to results, he should be the one employees turn to when they face a problem, the person they can depend on in any situation so leader should be a respectable and loved figure in an organization . The leader represents the organization so they tend to love the organization as well and they tend to regard the work they do as their own and the productivity is gained. [Fleming ,About. com guide] A good leader should be a role model for others to follow he should not direct but guide the way.A good leader can inspire others around him through his hard work, dedication and passion and he ought to make an example out of himself for others to follow so no authority is required by influencing he can convince others to do their job effectively and efficiently. He should practice what he tells others to do and be responsible for his decisions or actions in that way he can earn his place among his subordinates, the acc eptance based on others’s trust is the real source of authority. The leadership should be a source of confidence, enthusiasm, and knowledge. He should be a person who uses times of uncertainty and stress to practice and hone his skills and turn the tide to his or organization’s advantage, he should be a one who seeks challenges and not a one who runs away from them . In the times of crises he should be a source of confidence where others can look up to and he should be calm and composed in the face of danger and steadfast to the main purpose[Melchoir,articleklick. com]. He should not lose focus and the analytical thinking in the difficult times so he can analyze the problem thoroughly and seek solutions.It is obvious that the good leadership is essential for an organization’s success . Although there are many other factors regarding the success of an organization I think that the leadership is the binding or the blending force of all other factors. if we take an organization as a body leadership would be the backbone of it so if the backbone is broken the body can’t move, it would be paralyzed so I co nclude that the leadership is the secret ingredient to success that any sphere of human endeavor can’t do without. How to cite Leadership Is the Secret Ingredient of Success, Papers

Mission To Mars free essay sample

Discusses the underlying questions surrounding a manned mission to Mars. Examines whether there is sufficient technology in existence, what kinds of data can be expected, what sorts of problems can be anticipated and whether it is important. Manned Mission to Mars Ever since the Sojourner began sending back video images from Mars, a renewed interest in the possibility of a manned mission to Mars has occurred. Such a plan as a mission to Mars raises all sorts of scientific, technical, and philosophical questions that this analysis will attempt to deal with. The main questions covered will be: 1) is there sufficient technology right now to handle such a mission? 2) is it important? 3) what kinds of data can it be expected will be returned? and 4) what are the problems of such a mission? Is Technology Available According the best data available, a manned mission to Mars is conceivable using the current technology resources available. We will write a custom essay sample on Mission To Mars or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Coca Cola India Essays

Coca Cola India Essays Coca Cola India Paper Coca Cola India Paper Table of contents Executive Summaryi The Coca-Cola Company Firm Profileii The Beverage Industry in Indiaiii India’s Societal Systemvii Macroeconomic Indicators and Demographics. vii Market System Aspectsix Infrastructure and Legal Orderix Cultural Dimensionsx India’s Societal Predispositionxi Ideologiesxii Indian Caste Systemxii Valuesxiii Religionxiv Politicalxv Economicxv Strategies and Policiesxvi Constraintsxvi Coca-Cola Strategyxvii Future Strategic Initiativesxvii Market Penetration Strategyxviii Consumer and Market Focus Strategyxviii Marketing Strategyxx Conclusionxx Executive Summary India, as one of the world’s largest emerging markets, is quick to be seen as a source for new corporate growth and expansion by both large and small companies alike and The Coca-Cola Company is no exception. Since its second foray into the Indian market, The Coca-Cola Company has seen significant growth in its operations there, with average annual gains of 21 percent. As the company becomes more entrenched within the Indian market, it must continue to navigate the cultural, economic and political idiosyncrasies found in India to ensure continued growth and to sustain its competitive advantage over its rivals. For The Coca-Cola Company, long-term success hinges upon a myriad of factors that include expansion into the rural markets of India where inadequate infrastructure, widespread poverty and the legacies of the country’s caste system continue; product development and marketing strategies that cater to both the taste preferences of the Indian consumer and societal pressures for healthier alternatives; and acquisitions and partnerships that broaden the company’s internal distribution network while simultaneously giving the company access to long-standing relationships, which is important in a country that places a greater emphasis on relationships over rules and profits. As The Coca-Cola Company implements its strategies for continued operations and market share expansions within India, working knowledge of how the political, economic and cultural forces shape the corporate environment within the country will boost the company’s acceptance by local partners, employees and consumers, ultimately leading to a stronger competitive position for company. The Coca-Cola Company Firm Profile The Coca-Cola Company, publically traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol KO, is the world’s largest nonalcoholic beverage company with over 139,600 employees and reported revenues of USD 35,119 million during the fiscal year that ended in December 2010 (Global Data, 2011). With over 500 brands sold in more than 200 countries, The Coca-Cola Company maintains responsibility for three primary business elements for its product: the manufacture of the concentrates, beverage bases and syrups that are sold to bottling operations for final manufacture and packaging for consumption, the company’s brand and consumer brand marketing initiatives (The Coca-Cola System, 2011). The Coca-Cola Company is a dispersed, transnational organization that operates under a decentralized management structure. The company consists of six operating segments: Eurasia, Africa (includes India), Europe, Latin America, North America and Pacific. Two other business entities round out the corporate structure Bottling Investments, which are the Company-owned bottling operations and Corporate (The Coca-Cola System, 2011). Each operating segment holds significant autonomy as it drives sales within its region and develops market-specific products to meet local demands and preferences. The largest volume growth by operating segment has been Eurasia Africa, with 12 percent gains from 2009 to 2010 and the Indian market is driving the growth with average annual gains of 21 percent (The Coca-Cola System, 2011). In terms of financial performance and stability, the company’s global footprint offers the opportunity to offset sluggish market conditions in developed markets like the United States and Europe with growing sales in emerging markets like Brazil, China and India (Global Data, 2011). As the domestic demand for non-alcoholic beverages in these markets grows, The Coca-Cola Company is able to leverage its brand and breadth of portfolio to secure market share. The backbone of Coca Cola’s operations is its more than 300 bottling partners worldwide. Bottling partners manufacture, package, merchandise and distribute the final beverage products to local customers and vending partners (The Coca Cola System, 2011). The company does not own or control most of its bottling partners. In 2007, 79% of unit case volume was produced and distributed by bottling partners in which the company did not have a controlling interest (The Coca Cola System, 2011) and 2011 figures show the company having a 30 to 35 percent interest in its major bottling partners (Global Data, 2011). This organizational philosophy is evident in its Indian operations. Coca Cola reentered the Indian market in 1993 and by 1999 it had acquired 37 company-owned bottling operations and 16 franchise bottling operations (India: Coca Cola uncorks new growth plans, 2000). Volatile raw material costs and governmental regulations remain the most serious of threats to The Coca-Cola Company across the entire corporation (Global Data, 2011). As most of the raw material costs for The Coca-Cola Company arise from commodity products, their supply can be affected by weather and natural disasters, governmental controls and supply shortages (Global Data, 2011). For The Coca-Cola Company, governmental restrictions affect every operating segment that they are in and can include anything from foreign direct investment and national labor requirements to labeling requirements to environmental regulations. Failure to monitor and abide by individual governmental regulations can have severe consequences on the overall financial health of the organization and can impede successful operations (Global Data, 2011). The Beverage Industry in India Soft drink sales in the Indian market generated total revenues of $3. 8 billion in 2010 as market consumption volumes increased nearly 11 percent during the 2006-2010 timeframe (Datamonitor, 2011). For comparison, the global beverages industry saw total revenues of $1,749 billion in 2010 of which $560 billion is attributed to soft drink sales, which highlights the limited overall current consumption of soft drinks in the Indian market (Datamonitor, 2011). In terms of market share, the Indian market is dominated by The Coca-Cola Company (33 percent market share) and PesiCo, Inc. (22 percent market share), with Parle Bisleri Ltd. , a Mumbai-based drinking water bottler capturing 20 percent of the remaining market. Various other companies make up the remaining 26 percent of total available market for soft drink sales (Datamonitor, 2011). For The Coca-Cola Company, India led its segment in revenue growth, though it has the lowest annual per capita consumption globally at 11 for 2010. India’s annual per capita consumption rate has increased from 6 in 2009 (The Coca-Cola System, 2011) and continued growth is expected for the country. For the soft drinks/beverage industry, the primary factors of production include water, concentrates, and both natural and synthetic sweeteners (Datamonitor, 2011). For bottlers, product packaging comprises another major factor of production. Relative stability and limited controversy are evident for soft drink concentrates and sweeteners within the Indian market (Datamonitor, 2011). Water as a factor of production plays a critical and often controversial role in the soft drinks beverage industry. For the bottling process, water is the primary ingredient in products produced for The Coca-Cola Company (The Coca-Cola System, 2011). In addition, water is used extensively for rinsing, cleaning, heating and cooling within the manufacturing process. The Coca-Cola Company Corporate offices has an active, three-fold water stewardship program that looks to reduce water usage, recycle the water used in manufacturing processes at a level that supports aquatic life and replenish water used in the company’s finished products through supply chain initiatives, governmental cooperation and local community investments (The Coca-Cola System, 2011). In India, the company has faced allegations of excessive water extraction and water and soil pollution at several of its bottling facilities (Harish and Gopal, 2008). Since it re-entered the Indian market in 1993, the company has launched numerous local initiatives, including water harvesting in drought-prone regions with bottling facilities, public awareness campaigns and cooperation with Indian governmental agencies like the Central Pollution Control Board to mitigate these real concerns within the Indian market (Harish and Gopal, 2008). Much like water stewardship, The Coca-Cola Company Corporate division leads a sustainable packaging division that works to improve packaging material efficiency, recycle at least 50 percent of its bottles and cans consumed annually, and utilize recycled materials for future packaging (The Coca-Cola System, 2011). While not specific to the Indian market, concerns for sustainable packaging and the solutions being worked by the company are seen there. A supporting industry for The Coca-Cola Company within the Indian market is the mango fruit industry. According to The Coca-Cola Company, over 60,000 tons of mango pulp is required annually for its Maaza juice drink brand (Coke, Pepsi announce campaigns for mango brands, 2009). In addition to agreements with local farmers to purchase mangos directly, the company is also working hand-in-hand with Jain Irrigation there to boost mango production in order to meet projected demand (Coke, Jain Irrigation join hands to improve mango yield, 2011). Both actions allow the company to be better positioned within the local Indian market by building local relationships that boost public perception and facilitating output conducive to meeting local demand. The main distribution channels for the soft drink and beverage market make up another important supporting industry within the Indian market. Independent retailers make up the largest distribution channel for the soft drink market in India, accounting for more than 46 percent of the total market volume (Datamonitor, 2011). As with its other geographical centers, The Coca-Cola Company and its bottlers work branding and local marketing initiatives to create demand for its products and incentives for its retailers. The firm strategy for success in the Indian market is to capitalize on its strong brand equity while building consumer loyalty with its flagship products as well as with other Coca-Cola beverages that match local tastes and preferences – the Coke brand in Delhi, Thums Up in Mumbai and Andhra Pradesh, and Fanta in Tamil Nadu (India: Coca-Cola uncorks new growth plans, 2000). More recently, the company broadened its portfolio in India with the launch of Minute Maid 100% Pure Fruit Juices (Coca-Cola India uncorks fruit juice range, 2011). In 2011, the company broadened its portfolio in India with the launch of Minute Maid 100% Pure Fruit Juices (Coca-Cola India uncorks fruit juice range, 2011). In September 2011, Coca-Cola India launched milk-based juice beverages in support of Indian market trends for consumers to switch to health conscious beverages (All products aim at making us†¦, 2011). According to Atul Singh, president, Coca-Cola India and South West Asia, the key strategy drivers for Coca-Cola in India are products that match local preferences and trends, distribution efficiencies, and transportation and technology investments that allow the company to reach more deeply within the Indian population outside of metro centers with an appropriately chilled product (All products aim at making us†¦, 2011). India’s Societal System Macroeconomic Indicators and Demographics. The Republic of India provides advantages and disadvantages for future business opportunities concerning Coca Cola and the carbonated beverage industry. Economically, India has had triumphs and challenges over the past several years. Recent fluctuating trade policies and practices, along with an increasing GDP growth rate percentage, as well as a well-documented societal instability can make the country seem unstable. However, once reviewed, there are incentives for doing business in the country. As of July, 2011, the population of India is 1. 2 billion people, compared to 300 million people in the United States. India’s population growth rate is at 1. 344 percent. There are three major ethnic groups in India, the Indo-Aryan (72%), Dravidian (25%), and Mongolian and other small groups comprise the final 3 percent. There are several languages, with Hindi being the primary. The English language is also important for education, business, career and traveling reasons. The predominant religion is Hindu (80%), followed by Muslim, Christian and Sikh (www. cia. gov). 25 percent of the population of India is living below the poverty line, most of which live in the rural areas (www. cia. gov). India has most recently noticed a surge in urbanization among its population, with many of its citizens seeking employment and better education in the cities. Currently 30 percent of the country’s population resides in urban areas and that number is expected to grow 2. 4 percent annually over the next four years (www. cia. gov). Lack of development in many of the rural areas may be a contributing factor to the country’s urbanization. According to the CIA, only 88 percent of the population has access to clean drinking water, and most of the areas that lack are rural. In addition, only 31 percent of the population has access to sanitation facilities. The lack of availability of sanitation facilities and drinking water likely contributes to India’s high risk of infectious diseases among its population. Many of these are food, animal or water borne diseases. Interestingly, the CIA reports only . 3 percent of Indians living with HIV AIDS, while the rate in the United States is . percent. Further health issues in India include a low fertility rate and shorter life expectancy of 66 years (www. cia. gov). The result is a much younger median population. According to the CIA, the median age in India is 26 years-old. This can be a great advantage for a country that is struggling with unemployment. Through a surplus of young people who want to work, a nation can thrive and there will be more opportunities for growth. India’s GDP growth rate is at 10 percent as of 2010, and the GDP/purchasing power is at $4. 06 trillion, compared to the United States’ $14. 6 trillion. India’s GDP is ranked fifth in the world (www. cia. gov). Also, India’s debt of -$51 billion is minor compared to the United States’ $470 billion deficit (www. cia. gov). Additional international factors include an exchange rate of $1. 5 trillion and GDP per capita at $3,500, compared to $47,000 in the U. S. According to the CIA, India spends 2. 4% of GDP on health expenses, 2. 5% on military expenses and 3. 1% on education. Data concludes only 61% of India’s population can read. A creation of jobs by a new business could increase opportunities for education in India. India has the second largest workforce in the world with almost 480 million workers. India’s top occupations are agriculture, industry and services. However, CIA reports industry is â€Å"a major source of economic growth, accounting for more than half of India’s output, with only one-third of its labor force† (www. cia. gov). India exports rice, cotton, tea and chicken, and their industries include textiles, oil, machinery, clothing and pharmaceuticals (www. cia. gov). In more recent years India’s economy has boomed largely due to deregulation of industries and reduced control on foreign trade and investment. However, more recently India has come under fire for some of its trade policies. Indian online newspaper, The Economic Times, reported conflict between India, the U. S. , and the European Union. U. S. and EU complained that India’s trade tariffs were too high after they were reviewed by the WTO. Currently at 12%, the countries further argued that inconsistent rates can result in an unstable global market. In 2009-2011, India was able to recover from the recent global financial crisis rather quickly due to domestic demands (www. cia. gov). According to the CIA’s analysis, â€Å"India’s long term challenges include widespread poverty, inadequate physical and social infrastructure, limited non-agricultural employment opportunities, insufficient access to quality and basic higher education, and accommodating rural-to-urban migration† (www. cia. gov). A company like Coca-Cola will bring jobs, improve infrastructure and promote education. Market System Aspects India has in recent years become more geared toward market capitalism due to cross-border activities and increasing focus on urbanization and non-agricultural industry. Infrastructure and Legal Order As the economy continues to advance, India has been forced to make major upgrades to its infrastructure conditions. â€Å"Energy shortage, inadequate transportation network, and insufficient water supply system have caused a bottleneck in the country’s economic growth† (Maniar, 2010). India created the Build-Operate-Transfer (BTO) scheme in 1991 to specifically focus on these issues. Although it is an effective way to improve the country’s infrastructure and attract foreign investors, it may have a tendency to be misunderstood by foreign companies, which can pose a major problem (Mainar, 2010). If a firm chooses to enter India, it will be their choice to identify whether or not the BTO is worth investing in, considering the risks. When entering India, a firm must also be concerned with the country’s government and banking system. India’s law system is very inexperienced which has resulted in â€Å"widespread government corruption, financial speculation, and misallocation of investment funds† (Mainar, 2010). India also places more emphasis on interpersonal relationships rather than strict business transactions, therefore many firms are successful based on personal connections instead of merit. This can make entry by a foreign entity difficult. Additionally, India’s banking system is controlled and regulated by the government which contributes to corruption, affecting loan distribution. According to Mainar’s analysis, before entering India, the main risks to consider concerning infrastructure are, â€Å"availability of permits and licenses, operating performance risk, price of entering firm’s product, price of raw materials and energy, and enforceability of contracts for the product† (Mainar, 2010). Most of these factors will be controlled by the Indian government. Cultural Dimensions Eighty percent of India practices Hinduism, while remaining citizens prefer Christianity, Islam and Sikh. According to Hofstede’s analysis, India has a high power distance ranking of 77 (world average is only 56. ), indicating a large gap between the wealthy and the poor. Notably, this condition is the norm in India and is not traditionally forced on the people. India’s masculinity ranking is very high as well, indicating a lack of power between men and women. This is usually the case for Middle Eastern countries. Lastly, the country’s uncertainty avoidance ranking is a very low 40 (world average is 65), indicating less focus on rules and laws in the country (Hofstede, 2009). A low uncertainty avoidance ranking leaves the country prone to corruption. Education is more available in urban and wealthier areas, as mentioned earlier and India’s government spends only 3. 1% of its GDP on education. Socially, India is also a collectivist society, meaning interactions are mostly geared toward interpersonal relationships, with political connections being most valued. Contracts and agreements are not as formal as in the U. S. , while personal relationships have more merit than a binding piece of paper. In India, religious beliefs and interpersonal relationships are major factors of the society. India’s Societal Predisposition In order for a firm to successfully enter India, they must consider the country’s current economic, political and social climate. Economically, the firm must be more than willing to contribute to the development of infrastructure, an issue that has been plaguing India’s economy for years. India’s BTO scheme is a viable option for those who wish to help the problem. Joining the BTO could also increase relationships with the government and have a positive influence on consumers, thus increasing a better return on the firm’s products and services. Political instability must be assessed as well. The Indian government has a history of corruption in its banking system as well. Socially, the collectivist way of life must be fully understood and embraced. Any benefits to this type of society will need to be exploited in all ways possible. The economic and political dynamics in India lay the foundations for the manner in which the country operates. In a way they are complementary, considering the country’s recent focus on infrastructure versus a historically corrupt government. It seems that while India lacks in government regulations, it is making major moves to improve crucial aspects of economic development. However, the cultural dynamic is the most significant, in that it truly is the underlying force behind both the economic and political dynamics. India’s low uncertainty avoidance is a contributing factor to political corruption, which can directly affect economic conditions, further proving that each dynamic is intertwined. Ideologies With a population of over a billion people, one of the biggest issues facing India is overpopulation. This issue is weaved into the socio-economic framework of the entire country and is the root cause of several other problems in the country, including poverty, corruption and poor sanitation. These problems, along with a historically vibrant culture shape the lives of ordinary Indians every day. Indian Caste System One of the biggest characteristics of Indian society is the Indian caste system. In the past, the Indian caste system controlled all social relationships in India. People from higher caste systems did not interact much with those from lower caste and it was uncommon for a person from a high caste system to even enter into the house of an â€Å"Untouchable†, the term used to refer to one from the lowest caste or out of the caste system. India’s modern social structure is based on its historic caste system. This is a hereditary structure that keeps the population in social groups, ranging from laborers to kings (Alex, 2003). This caste system is derived from Hinduism, that largest religion practiced in India. Members of the other two religions, Islam and Christianity also recognize the Hindu caste system, but more for historic and cultural reasons. This system gives privileges to people that belong to a high caste while giving lower priority to people of lower caste and places a divide in the society by institutionalizing inequality within the population. In recent times, the caste system is not strictly adhered to and caste-based discrimination is illegal, however government institutions have quotas on their hiring from the different caste and collect data on the different caste during national censuses (Alex, 2003). People from higher caste tend to have better jobs and access to social services, whereas people from lower caste tend to be marginalized by the rest of the population and even the government. As globalization continues to move people across borders, the caste system is having less of an effect on business, since several of the multi-national enterprises in India, which hire large amounts of people, do not recognize the caste system. The discrimination of certain groups in India may impact Coca Cola since this system leaves an entire section of the population marginalized and usually poor. This means less people with the money to purchase Coca Cola products. In addition, because the government spends fewer resources in areas dominated by people of lower caste, the necessary infrastructure for trade, for example paved roads, may inhibit the distribution of Coca Cola’s products to certain rural areas. Values Indians value piety, modesty and conservatism. These values are derived from their strong religious beliefs. Both Islam and Hinduism call for modesty in their followers’ dealings with others in society. Even members of the higher caste systems tend to be modest in their dealings with other members of society. This differs from American values where wealth is displayed openly. Americans often feel the need to advertise that they are well-off and do so by purchasing expensive goods and services. These values also relate to the India work ethic. Whereas in America, workers tend to set themselves apart from their jobs, Indians are their jobs. In India, people have a more relaxed attitude towards to their work; however their work is their life (Steen, 2007). They often take long breaks and negotiate deadlines with their supervisors, however they work long hours and often work on weekends. The Indian work ethic keeps employees determined to complete their tasks and produce good results (Steen, 2007). This is somewhat different from the American work ethic. It is not uncommon to meet an American who does not enjoy their job, but simply puts in the hours necessary to get paid. They often work strict work hours and deadlines are very important. Because of the notion that Americans hold their own destinies and are able to break through all social-economic barriers with hard work, there is often a determination to work as hard as possible. In India, relationships are more important than rules. This attitude comes from a culture and religions that respects personal relationships. Although this culture builds relationships, it can often lead to corrupt practices since rules are often broken (Corruption in India, 2011). Coming from America, where rules usually trump relationships, Coca Cola will have to adapt to this culture to learn how to build strong relationship in the Indian market, while maintaining the company’s integrity. Religion Religion is a major part of Indian society. There are two main religious groups in India, the Hindus, which make up 80. % of the population and the Muslims, which make up 13. 4% of the population (CIA Factbook). During the 80’s and 90’s, there were serious clashes between m embers from the two groups, causing the deaths of thousands of people (Alex, 2003). More recently, there have a number of terrorist attacks, including the bombing of a popular hotel in Mumbai in 2008 carried out by extremist Muslims. These attacks often target foreigners in India. As a foreign company in India, Coca Cola is vulnerable to terrorist attack, more especially because Coca Cola is an icon for globalization and the spread of western culture. Political India is the world’s largest democracy. It operates on a multi-party system and British-style parliament. Although India has over 40 political parties, the dominant parties that hold power in the country are the Indian National Congress (INC), which holds â€Å"leftist† ideologies and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which is to the â€Å"right†. Parties on the left have held power in India since independence. Parties such as the INC generally oppose unregulated trade and businesses, most especially unregulated foreign investment. In 1974, the Indian parliament passed the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) (India Export Import Portal). This act required foreign companies to sell majority of their shares to Indians.  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ In addition to regulating company ownership, FERA imposed strict regulations on specific types of payments, the dealings in foreign exchange and securities and the transactions which had an indirect impact on the foreign exchange and the import and export o f currency. Economic Indian economic policy has evolved over the years since independence reflecting the different ideologies that have dominated over the years. In the years soon after independence, India, led by the leftist Indian National Congress (INC) took a more liberal approach to foreign investment, placing emphases on the need for foreign investment for development and industrialization (State Regulation). Although the government made some welcoming statements regarding foreign investment, there was still a lack of clarity of the exact measures the government would take when it came to take-over and how long foreign firms would be allowed to maintain control of their firms. This led to reluctance of foreign firms to invest in the country (Dhar, 2011). However, in 1956, India fell into a foreign exchange crisis, which required the government to open up the country to more foreign investment. There was also a large push for India to industrialize, also requiring a large amount of capital (Dhar, 2011). Strategies and Policies Constraints Constraints to doing business in India can come from various factors. The Coca-Cola Company needs to remain conscientious to the market and the macro view of India. The company and its subsidiaries rely on significant amounts of electricity, natural gas, and other energy sources to operate plants, distribution facilities, and delivery channels. An increase or disruption in fuel or natural disaster that would disrupt power outages would have a negative impact on business operations and profitability. Higher interest rate fluctuations would impact net income. Also Coca-Cola relies on business partners and maintaining a good relationship is priority. It is in the interest of Coca-Cola to ensure their suppliers relationships are aligned with Coca-Cola’s interest to ensure continuous flow of material and product. Government regulations or political instability would encumber business operations to compete fairly within domestic markets. In the early 80’s Coca-Cola and foreign businesses exited the Indian market due to weak political structures that would have severely damaged business performance. Government regulations such as higher taxes, lack of protection for intellectual property and market size restrictions to favor domestic industry are constraints to growth and profits. India’s obesity and other health concerns associated with the product is a growing concern that might hurt market sales unless the company continues its expansion into healthier alternatives. Consumers and health officials are becoming increasingly concerned about the public health consequences due to obesity, particularly among the young. Scarcity and poor quality will have a negative impact on production and capacity output. Water is the main ingredient and overexploitation and poor management of the environment is cause for Indian government and public to be concern. Also, increases in supply cost or the disruption of supply or a shortage of national energy supplies could have profound impacts on business operations and contribute to a loss of profits. Coca-Cola Strategy The Coca-Cola Company’s goal is to use company assets, brand, financial strength, unrivaled distribution system, global reach and human talent to become more competitive and to accelerate growth in a manner that creates value for its shareholders and stakeholders. Future Strategic Initiatives The Coca-Cola Company should consider opportunities to reduce company ownership interest in the Bottling Investments group. It would free up capital and liquidity to meet current and future obligations to ensure no business disruption that would harm profits. Alternatively, the company may merge company owned bottling interests with the established bottling companies to share the cost and form a strategic business alliances that would expand Coca-Cola reach into the market. Moves to strengthen the company’s internal core business structure by consolidating operations and eliminating waste and redundancies that are costly to business operations would contribute to sustained growth in the Indian market. Market Penetration Strategy In 1993 Coca-Cola’s purchased Thums Up, India’s largest beverage operations, which granted immediate access to consumer base, established suppliers and a thriving distribution network. The acquisition gave Coca-Cola physical manufacturing, bottling plants, and distribution assets that allowed the company to quickly introduce its product to a new demographic. The branding and partnership with Thums Up enabled Coca-Cola to shift into the market and gain a competitive advantage over domestic competitors and PepsiCo, the second largest soft drink company globally. Coca-Cola has the capital to update and improve physical assets and the knowledge to increase the efficiency within the distribution channels. When Coca-Cola reentered the Indian market in early 1990’s, its market penetration strategy was to gain larger market share and market advantage over its primary rival PepsiCo by taking over the ownership of valuable distribution and supplier networks. Coca-Cola’s capital investment is a strategic focus to introduce other primary brands in the Indian market to boost sales on a global scale and create global sustainable. Consumer and Market Focus Strategy Consumer demand determines optimal levels of product of a company’s product offerings. Consumer demand can vary from one location to another and change over time within a single location. It is recommended that the company develop a specific consumer demand strategy with a strong focus on ensuring product availability to meet seasonal and cyclical demands. The Coca-Cola Company can build brand recognition and expand its customer base by making the product available in all established locations. Beverage market consumption in India is mainly focused in urban cities. Coca-Cola generates the majority of revenues within urban cities. As the urban locations mature and sales peak, Coca-Cola is looking to target rural location to expand sales network. Over seventy percent of the India’s population is located in rural areas. A strategic focus to move products to target rural areas will create sustainable revenue streams in the out years. Strategic partnerships with Indian non-governmental organizations, or NGOs, could assist The Coca-Cola Company as it seeks to become further entrenched within the Indian market. NGOs generally bring with them intricate knowledge of governmental regulations, laws and, quite importantly, connections with local officials. The NGOs knowledge of the local and national market could positively impact the company’s efforts to develop supplier connections and relationships and to deliver the company’s message at the community level. Coca-Cola’s market strategy is an attempt to gain leadership in the Indian market and capitalize on significant growth potential, particularly in rural markets. The foundation of the new strategy is based on product positioning at retail outlets. Targeted brand positioning positing at the retail levels to highlight product for consumers’ views. The company should deliver communications and advertisements in specific markets to gain consumer acceptance and create a reticular activator mindset of Coca-Cola that will encourage sales over rivals. The strategic goal to make sure product is close in distance and available to maximize profit potential. Marketing Strategy Through strategic partnerships with distributors and local chain outlets The Coca-Cola Company may offer incentives that would include price discounts, cash, funds for promotional programs for local marketing activities to help improve area and regional sales. Moreover, the company could develop an incentive program that is tied to volume sales. Throughout the promotion process, The Coca-Cola Company may extend low interest loan or advance payments to specific retailers or customers for marketing activities intended to generated high volume sales that will increase company top lines sales and grow brand identity in the Indian market Conclusion The foundation of Coca-Cola’s strategy in India is to target urban and rural populations and identify the differences on marketing penetration, communications, and how to address perceptions of product introduction and delivery as to packaging, size, and price points to reach full sales potential in a growing market. References Alex, Perry. Indias Great Divide. Time Magazine. 08 Aug 2003: n. page. Web. 17 Oct. 2011. . All products aim at making us a total beverage company. Financial Express. New Delhi. Sept. 23, 2011 Amiti Sen. (2011, September 24). Amid criticism by West, India strongly defends its tariff walls [Policy]. 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